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Гидроцефалия refers to the buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain’s ventricles, leading to increased pressure. In children, this condition can result from congenital factors, developmental abnormalities, or brain injuries.
Classification and Symptoms in Children
Hydrocephalus in children can be classified into communicating и non-communicating types, based on how CSF flows in the brain.
- Communicating hydrocephalus occurs when the CSF flows normally but is not absorbed properly.
- Non-communicating hydrocephalus (or obstructive hydrocephalus) happens when a blockage in the flow of CSF occurs, usually at the level of the ventricles.
Common Symptoms
In infants and young children, the symptoms of hydrocephalus are distinct:
- An enlarged head (due to increased CSF)
- Vomiting
- Irritability
- Poor feeding
- Припадки
- Developmental delays
Диагностика и лечение
MRI or CT scans are typically used to diagnose hydrocephalus. In children, treatment often involves the placement of a shunt to divert excess CSF from the brain. In some cases, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) may be performed to restore normal CSF flow.
Are all cases of hydrocephalus treatable?
Many cases of hydrocephalus can be managed successfully with surgical interventions, although treatment depends on the underlying cause and the child’s age.
What causes hydrocephalus in children?
Hydrocephalus in children can be caused by genetic factors, developmental abnormalities, brain hemorrhages, infections, or brain injuries. In some cases, it can be present at birth (congenital), while other cases develop later (acquired).
How is hydrocephalus diagnosed in children?
Diagnosis is usually made through a combination of physical exams, neurological assessments, and imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs. In infants, an ultrasound of the head may also be used to check for signs of increased fluid.
Is hydrocephalus treatable in children?
Yes, hydrocephalus is treatable. The most common treatment is the placement of a shunt (a tube) to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid. In some cases, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) may be used to bypass the blockage and restore normal CSF flow.
Can hydrocephalus be prevented?
While most cases of hydrocephalus cannot be prevented, prenatal care and avoiding brain injuries can reduce the risk. Genetic counseling may also help if there’s a family history of the condition.
What are the long-term effects of hydrocephalus on children?
The long-term effects of hydrocephalus depend on the severity of the condition and the timeliness of treatment. If treated early, many children can lead normal lives. However, some children may experience developmental delays, learning disabilities, or physical impairments.
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